Precision machining parts: carburizing surface hardening

For Precision Machining Parts heat treatment, there are several methods.  The earliest method of hardening the surface of steel was surface hardening or carburizing.  Iron has an affinity for carbon near and above its critical temperature.  The carbon is absorbed into the metal and iron to form a solid solution that transforms the outer surface into high carbon steel.  The carbon gradually diffuses into the parts.  The depth of the carburizing layer depends on the time and temperature of the heat treatment.  Solid carburizing involves placing the part to be treated in an airtight container together with charcoal or coke, a material containing carbon.  This is a longer process used to produce hardened layers as thick as 0.03 to 0.16 inches (0.76 to 4.06mm).  Used for carburizing is generally about 0.15% carbon content, itself is not suitable for heat treatment of low carbon steel.  During treatment, the outer layer is converted to high carbon steel with carbon content ranging from 0.9% to 1.2%.  Steels with varying carbon content have different critical temperatures and therefore require special heat treatment.  Since some grains grow in the steel during a longer carburizing process, the workpiece should be heated to the critical temperature of the core and then cooled to refine the structure of the core.  It is then reheated to a temperature higher than the outer transition temperature and then quenched to produce a hard, fine structure. A lower heat treatment temperature is used for the outer layer because the temperature just above the lower critical temperature usually makes the eutectoid steel austenitizing and hardening.  A third tempering treatment can be used to reduce strain. 

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